Pluralism of Courts

International courts and tribunals (ICTs) are rapidly increasing in influence and number. They regulate sectors that range from international criminal law to trade, from human rights to the law of the sea, with regional or global jurisdiction. And their findings are increasingly compulsory for states. This proliferation of international courts, coupled with their complex effects, contribute to what many perceive as the legalization and judicialization of international relations.

The primary objective  is to scrutinize the legitimacy of ICTs as affected by their origins, structure, and effects, and to consider models for future development.